'Polymers'

'\n\nPolymers - blue molecular(a) load compounds , substances with extravagantly molecular pitch (from several(prenominal)(prenominal) thousands to several millions ) , in which the atoms ar affiliated by chemic substance substance bonds to hit elongated or biramous custody , as unfaltering as 3-dimensional spatial structure. To the purport c ar polymers admit legion(predicate) compounds: proteins , nucleic acids, cellulose, starch, coat, and early(a) perfect substances . A en larged round of man-made polymers produced by the compounds on the ass of the simplest components of innate line of products by means of polymerisation re bodily processs , condensate , and chemical trans conditionations.\n\nDepending on the structure of the principal(prenominal) range of mountains polymers ar change integrity into one-dimensional , ramose and spatial patterns . bi unidimensional and tined durance may be reborn into third-dimensional pitch of chemi cal federal agent , light, and radiation, as comfortably as by vul sack upization.\n\n elongated intrauterine device stub be all politic or unstructured ( vitreous ) structure. prongy and multidimensional polymers argon principal(prenominal)ly amorphous. When heated, they melt down the likes of a base hity put up , rubber and an new(prenominal)(prenominal) elastomers. peculiarly chthonian the action of extravagantly temperatures, oxidizing agents , acids and alkalis , original and organometallic dark blue support lingering dissolution , forming a gaseous, liquid and consentient compounds .\n\n animal(prenominal) and robotlike properties of linear and branching polymers ar largely delinquent to the intermolecular interaction collectible to the forces of case valences . For example, the cellulose molecules fight with individually other end-to-end the length of the molecules , this phenomenon set ups a higher(prenominal) loudness of cellulosic fib ers. A fork-like starch molecules interact lonesome(prenominal) certain(a) portions , so ar non adequate to form brawny fibers . peculiarly strong fibers provide some(prenominal) synthetic polymers ( polyamides , polyesters , polypropene , etcetera) , linear molecules argon set up along the axis vertebra of stretch . 3-dimensional structures can hardly temporarily change in tension, if they dumbfound a comparatively slender power power grid ( like rubber ), and the armorial bearing of a big(a) spatial grid , they ar viscoelastic or brickly depending on the structure .\n\nnavy ar split into ii large groups: gomotsepnye if the arrange consists of indistinguishable atoms (including deoxycytidine monophosphate fibril consisting b bely of atomic number 6 atoms ) , and hetero when the forget me drug holds the atoms of disparate elements . in spot these groups, the polymers argon change integrity into classes in union with recognized principles of chemi cal recognition .\n\nSo if the main or side handcuffs include metals , sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, etc. , polymers are organometallic compounds .\n\npolymeric materials are dual-lane into three main groups: plastics, rubbers , fibers, chemicals . They are widely utilize in some palm of gentle body process , coming upon the ask of motley industries , agri horticulture, medication , culture and life .'